Many investors find that purchasing a new commercial property is easy. But the next step, recording the purchase as a fixed asset in QuickBooks, can be complicated and confusing.

In this article, we will discuss best practices and walk you through the steps to record the purchase of a fixed asset in QuickBooks. First, let's begin with defining a fixed asset.

What is a Fixed Asset?

Fixed assets are property that a company owns which have a useful life of greater than one year. Examples of fixed assets include land, buildings, machinery, & some office equipment. Fixed assets cannot be easily converted into cash. For example, stocks, bonds, and other long-term investments are not fixed assets because they can easily be converted into cash. In general, except for land, fixed assets can be depreciated. In accounting, fixed asset accounts appear on the company balance sheet.

The Settlement Statement

One of the most common questions in commercial real estate is:

How do I enter a building I just bought into QuickBooks?

The best way to record the purchase of a fixed asset in QuickBooks is to use the closing documents from the sale. Usually, it is called a Settlement Statement. Others call it a Closing Disclosure (CD). It is often called a HUD statement (because the U.S. Department requires it of Housing and Urban Development). Whatever you call it, what you need for accounting purposes is the breakdown of any money transferred during the transaction.

A title company's job is to divide the expenses correctly between the two participants in a real estate transaction. The seller will pay their prorated portion of real estate taxes, rent, utilities, etc., based on the transaction date, and the borrower may have some of the expenses. Using the Settlement Statement to set up your new building in QuickBooks provides almost a "cheat sheet" for entering the transaction. We will use the Settlement Statement below as our example for building the Journal Entry in QuickBooks.

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Add Accounts for the New Property

First, create two new accounts that will be needed for recording the purchase of a commercial property in QuickBooks.

  1. Fixed Asset Account
  2. Loan/Notes Payable Account


To create a new account, go to Accounting > Chart of Accounts > New. Or go to the NEW button on the top left and click on Journal Entry. When you begin typing an account name, a green plus will appear, and you can add an account from there.

Add New Fixed Asset Account

We need to create a new fixed asset. For buildings, I recommend using the address or a parcel number for unique identification. If you would like to track depreciation, check the box here. (Discuss depreciation with your accountant as not all assets can be depreciated).


Add New Loan/Notes Payable Account

Next, set up a new Loan/Notes Payable account if you purchased the property with any kind of loan.

                NOTE:                I prefer to start with a zero balance when creating the Loan account. The balance  amount entered here debits the opening equity in a background transaction. Entering zero  allows me to create a Journal Entry with the full amounts and not have to worry about a  double entry from the amount entered here.


Create a Journal Entry for Recording the Purchase of a Fixed Asset

To create the Journal Entry, go to the NEW button on the left top corner to create a Journal Entry.

                NOTE:                The information below is how a typical Journal Entry will be recorded. As always, check  with your accountant to ensure you are recording it correctly for your particular circumstances.


Line 1: Enter the purchase price. Your building is a fixed asset, and your purchase price is typically the book value. To increase an asset, you use the debit column. See the example below.

                NOTE:                If the purchase price includes land, you will want to separate it out. Buildings can  depreciate, but land does not. Check with your accountant for more information.


Line 2: Enter the loan amount. "Loan/Notes Payable" is a liability account, and it will increase the company's liability, so it is placed in the credit field.

Line 3: Earnest money typically is a check made out of your cash/bank account as a security for the contract, so it should have already been recorded as a separate journal entry with a credit to "Checking" and a debit to "Earnest Money." For recording it here as part of the new purchase, you will utilize "Earnest Money" with a credit amount.

Line 4-7: Prorations of rent and/or operational expenses or CAM (Common Area Maintenance) are usually part of a commercial real estate transaction. These amounts are normally portions of rent that are "given" to you in the transaction. Typically, it reduces your liability against the asset. This can go into Accounts Receivable. This account requires a "Customer" to attach it to, so you will need to have the new tenants in QuickBooks already.

Line 8 and 9: Security Deposits are often transferred within the transaction because it is common for the leases to transfer with the property. Separating them per unit helps keep them trackable when a deposit needs to be returned to the tenant.

Line 10: As far as your title costs, bank fees, legal fees, etc., those can either be broken out into separate accounts or can be lumped together in a "Closing Costs" account. This is entered as a debit as it is part of the initial cost of the building but is not part of the purchase price.  For details on how to enter this as separate entries, refer to https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iR8RoHx3aVA&t=563s.

                NOTE:                Please reach out to your tax accountant for further instruction on how to  address the fees associated with the purchase of property.
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Additional Tips for the Journal Entry

Recording the purchase of a fixed asset in QuickBooks is easy once you understand the steps outlined above. Then, read below for a couple of extra tips that will help you complete the process.

  • Don't forget to make a memo – just a small description with information on the transactions!
  • Use the attachment function to upload the Settlement Statement to the Journal Entry. Your files will then be attached, so you don't have to dig through your file cabinet next time you need to see them.

Interested in learning more about using QuickBooks for Commercial Real Estate? See our article and video on "Setting up a Chart of Accounts for a Commercial Real Estate Company."


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How to Record the Purchase of A Fixed Asset/Property

Article Name

How to Record the Purchase of A Fixed Asset/Property

Description

You purchased a new commercial property, now what? Follow this step-by-step guide to record the purchase of a fixed asset in QuickBooks.

Author

Emily Litteken

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STRATAFOLIO

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STRATAFOLIO